Digital Ultrasonic
Digital Ultrasonic
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Ultrasonic Flowmeters: a Technology Whose Time Has Come
Introduction
One of the most surprising developments in flowmeter technology in the past few years has been the rapid growth in ultrasonic flowmeters. More and more users are recognizing the benefits of the nonintrusive technology that ultrasonic flowmeters offer.
Ultrasonic Flowmeter Technology
Ultrasonic flowmeters utilize two different technologies: Transit time and Doppler. Both are primarily used for closed pipe applications. Transit time ultrasonic flowmeters have two transducers that send two acoustic signals from one side of the pipe to the other. One transducer is a sending transducer and the other is a receiving transducer.
Transit time flowmeters are mainly used on clean liquids. For dirty liquids, e.g., liquids containing particles or bubbles, Doppler ultrasonic flowmeters are used. Doppler flowmeters also have two transducers that act as sender and receiver, and they use an acoustic signal to determine flow rate. Instead of bouncing the signal off the other side of the pipe, however, Doppler flowmeters reflect the signal off the particles in the flow stream. As the acoustic signals are reflected off the particles, a frequency shift in the signals is created. This frequency shift is proportional to flow rate. The ultrasonic flowmeter uses this frequency shift to calculate flow rate.
Natural Gas Applications
For natural gas applications, the primary technological breakthrough responsible for increased use of ultrasonic flowmeters is the development of multipath transit time flowmeters. Single path transit time flowmeters determine flow rate by using a single ultrasonic beam or path to calculate the flow rate. Multipath ultrasonic flowmeters use two or more paths, thereby achieving a more accurate measurement. Flow speed is not uniform throughout the flow path. By calculating the flow rate at more than one location in the flow stream, multipath ultrasonic flowmeters can achieve flow measurement accuracies as high as 0.5 percent or 0.25 percent.
Some natural gas production companies use ultrasonic flowmeters to measure natural gas as it is transferred to natural gas transmission companies. Transmission companies also use ultrasonic flowmeters to measure natural gas being delivered to utilities that sell natural gas to business and residential customers. Ultrasonic flowmeters are often selected for new metering stations being built. Users report that, despite the higher initial cost of ultrasonic gas flowmeters, they can save substantial amounts of money over orifice plate installations by selecting ultrasonic meters. In some cases, users who have tried out ultrasonic flowmeters for natural gas measurement are also replacing orifice plate and turbine meters with ultrasonic flowmeters.
A Geographic Perspective
While ultrasonic flowmeters are used widely in the United States and in Europe, there is a difference in style between the US companies and the European companies. Clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeters have historically been more successful in the United States than spoolpiece meters. Controlotron, located in Hauppauge, New York, was the first company to introduce clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeters for commercial applications in 1972.Spoolpiece meters have historically received better acceptance in Europe than in the US, and European suppliers such as Krohne are emphasizing spoolpiece meters in their research and development efforts. Siemens’ introduction of their Sitrans F spoolpiece meter at the 1997 Achema show is very much in the European tradition.
About the Author
This article explains ultrasonic flowmeter technology and discusses why there has been a recent surge in use of ultrasonic flowmeters.You need More visit at: Readings on Ultrasonic Flowmeters
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